Conveners
POSTER: Session 1
- Diana Leitao (Eindhoven University of Technology)
POSTER: Session 2
- Jeffrey McCord (Kiel University)
Servo motors are drivers that accurately control position, speed, acceleration, etc. according to command signals and are mainly used in processes that require precise control, such as semiconductor processes. The precision of servomotors used in precision processes determines the completeness of the final product and accounts for the main power consumption excluding the heating process within...
In the case of the permanent magnet electronic brake that will be discussed in this paper, a permanent magnet is placed at the bottom of the stator and a winding is placed in the middle of the stator. In the case of attractive force, it is generated by magnetic energy generated by permanent magnets, and current must be applied to the winding to cancel out the stopping force. In the case of a...
Rapidly solidified amorphous submicronic glass-coated wires with diameters between 100 and 950 nm, featuring either high or nearly zero magnetostriction, present a bistable magnetic behavior [1], which relies on the propagation of a single magnetic domain wall at velocities that differ considerably in wires with high magnetostriction as compared to those with nearly zero...
In the automotive industry, ensuring the highest quality of welded components is vital for safety and meeting end-user expectations. Current quality control (QC) practices in welding operations primarily rely on mechanical inspection and reactive procedures. To enhance QC efficiency and anticipate quality issues without destructive testing, it is necessary to apply non-destructive testing...
Magnetic nanoparticles have been the subject of much research with their unique properties such as size in the nanoscale and the existence of high magnetic moment which bring a wide range of their applications. It is their ability to respond to an external magnetic field that enables their motion control. Their application in biomedicine is interesting, where they show promise as drug...
Heusler alloys are suitable materials for sensors and actuators [1]. The current challenge in the utilization of shape memory Heusler alloys remains in their downsizing [2]. In this work we present such materials in the form of thin films and nanowires, which were fabricated using electrodeposition. This approach presents a scalable method for fabrication of shape memory materials, which can...
This study investigates the magnetic properties of ZnFe$_2$O$_4$ thin films, emphasizing the impact of growth conditions on their ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectra. Utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy, the films were analysed under different substrates, growth temperatures, and gas ambient. Key findings highlight variations in change in FMR line width, saturation...
Magnetic Heusler alloys, which undergo a martensitic-like structural transition, display interesting functional properties. Regarding the synthesis of these alloys, most of the work conducted up to now has focused on bulk and ribbon samples prepared using conventional melting and melt-spinning techniques. This work reports the microstructure, structural, magnetic, and magnetocaloric...
Nowadays, we are immersed in a digital society where information is continually transferred between different devices, forcing us to look for new alternatives that allow the faster transfer of information with the lowest possible energy consumption. Magnetic thin films have been successfully used but their related natural resonance frequency is restricted to the range of a few GHz, and it...
The inductance of an IPM motor is an important factor in determining the performance of the motor.In particular, spoke type motors use salient pole ratios to utilize reluctance torque, so accurate inductance calculation is an important technique. Many papers have previously been published on inductance calculation methods [1-2]. Recently, with the development of computers, the method of...
Heusler alloys are a unique class of materials which enable the option to change their physical properties by simple adjustment of the alloy's chemical composition. It was shown in different studies, that changes in chemical composition can lead to tuning of the observed phenomenon, and its enhancement. Well-known Heusler ferromagnetic superconductor Ni$_2$NbSn has a critical temperature of 3...
ErMnO$_3$ is the improper multiferroic compound with ferroelectric ordering temperature of $T_c$ = 835 K, but with the magnetism presented only below Neel temperature of $T_N$ = 81 K [1]. This temperature is too low for the application purposes. On the other hand, ErFeO$_3$ system does not exhibit the ferroelectric ordering, but it orders magnetically into antiferromagnetic structure below...
This study examined the effect of the ratio and type of insulation used on the magnetic performance of NiFeMo-based SMCs. We prepared five samples: pure NiFeMo “S1”, two composites with BN-based insulation (1.16 vol$\%$ “S2” and 5 vol$\%$ “S3”), and two Al$_2$O$_3$ (1.16 vol$\%$ “S4” and 5 vol$\%$ “S5”). The ferromagnetic part and the insulator were mixed in 30 ml vials and placed in a...
Iron nanoparticles have emerged as a promising frontier in the realm of nanomedicine, offering unprecedented potential for revolutionizing diagnostics, imaging, targeting, drug delivery, and therapy [1]. Their unique physicochemical properties, such as high surface area-to-volume ratio, tunable magnetic properties, and biocompatibility, make them ideal candidates for various biomedical...
Soft magnetic composites (SMCs) are in general ferromagnetic powder particles surrounded by electroinsulating layer [1]. In this work we examined magnetic properties and magnetization processes in Fe-based soft magnetic composites with Al$_2$O$_3$ electroinsulating layer created by mechanofusion process. Mechanofusion (also called dry coating) is process which attaches small particles...
Octapod-shaped CoFe$_2$O$_4$ nanoparticles represent an interesting and promising material in the field of magnetic properties and their applications. These nanoparticles have a unique octapod-shaped structure and exhibit exceptional magnetic properties that predispose them for use as sensitive detection objects in magnetic devices.
The sensitivity and efficiency of CoFe$_2$O$_4$...
In this work, we confirmed that reversible magnetization mechanisms also contribute to the hysteresis of the magnetizing reversal, and are accompanied with an energy loss, which was explained as originating from the frictional effects when local spins rotate. We modelled this hysteresis by calculating the area of the small hysteresis loops obtained by integrating of the reversible relative...
Ni$_2$FeGa shape memory microwire is a potential material for micro-actuators [1]. One of the methods to demonstrate the actuator property of microwire could be provided by the joule heating method [2]. Interestingly, the micro-diameter (r) of shape memory microwire gives high electric resistance (R) wire following the specific electrical resistivity equation.
$R = \rho \frac{L}{\pi...
The jumps detected in the single-peak and the double-peak GMI ratio dependences of glass-covered CoSiB microwires [1] have been identified as the complex shape pulses in a modified experiment of Sixtus and Tonks. The shape of the induced pulses is given by a combination of two processes: the irreversible movement of the single domain wall and the radial displacement of the transition region...
Amorphous glass-coated microwires are composite materials that consist of metallic core covered by a glass coating. It has been shown that the domain wall propagation in microwires is accompanied by induction of electric voltage at the ends of the wire [1] (Fig. 1a). It arises from a small circular component of the magnetization (Fig. 1a) that is introduced to microwires during their...
Utilizing permanent magnets (PM) in technological applications for information storage and green-energy generation is increasingly important. This necessitates the development of new magnetic materials that are more cost-effective and contain fewer critical components, such as rare earth (RE) elements. However, the systematic exploration of novel hard magnetic materials is a complex task due...
Fe-based metallic glasses (MGs) exhibit superior soft magnetic properties such as a very low coercivity and power losses, a low magnetostriction and a high permeability [1]. Their magnetic properties can be further optimized by modification of post-processing conditions, such as temperature and duration of heat treatment. Structural characterization of MGs at the atomic level represents an...
Annealing of amorphous Vitroperm-800 alloy in the form of thin ribbons under tensile stress is very effective way of achieving huge value of magnetic anisotropy, which may well exceed the value of magneto-crystalline constant (8 kJ/m$^3$) of Fe-Si crystalline phase [1]. As a result of such thermo-mechanical treatment ribbons reveal perfectly linear hysteresis loop with constant slope...
Thin magnetic cylindrical wires attract considerable attention due to interesting features of a domain wall motion like absence of the Walker breakdown that prevents fast domain wall dynamics [1]. Amorphous glass-coated microwires are composite material, in which very high domain wall velocities have been observed [2]. Owing to the amorphous state of wires, the magneto crystalline anisotropy...
The magnetoelectric (ME) effect is promising and has been studied for several applications: magnetic sensors [1], current sensors [2], energy harvesting [3] and wireless energy transmission. The extrinsic ME effect is preferred to the intrinsic one for these applications, requiring a magnetostrictive material mechanically coupled to a piezoelectric material. Current sensors based on extrinsic...
Recently, magnetic sensors are being used in various applications such as autonomous vehicles and IoT. For the application of such magnetic sensors, the consistent performance of sensors is important. In particular, Planar Hall Magneto Resistance (PHMR) sensors have high signal sensitivity and low offset characteristics. However, it shows indiscriminately different offset characteristics...
Magnetic refrigeration is a non-conventional cooling method providing environmentally friendly and more efficient cooling. One of the main advantages of magnetocaloric cooling is the scalability of the used material to the required application. On the other hand, decreasing the size will naturally cause a reduction of cooling power which may be solved by using higher magnetic field changes....
Many materials and machines that may pose a real risk of catastrophe due to fatigue wear, exceeding stress limits or the appearance of plastic deformation are magnetic. In addition, there is a constant trend indicating the need to develop methods towards the technology of detecting early stages of damage, which is possible thanks to the use of magnetic methods [1]. However, due to the variety...
Coercivity is not only one of the most fundamental properties of a soft magnetic material, but it is also very sensitive to structural changes of the material. Thus, since the introduction of the first coercimeters the measurement of the coercivity has become an important tool for the industry in quality control [1].
Due to the continued success the coercivity measurement techniques were...
This study is dedicated to the theoretical investigation and practical application of amorphous glass-coated microwires as pressure sensors in the automotive industry. These materials, characterized by a non-crystalline structure, offer a wide range of unique properties, making them attractive for numerous technological applications, including use in sensory systems.
Based on experimental...
A new experiment (Fig. 1) is presented for studying the dynamics of a single domain wall (DW) driven by an alternating magnetic field. The bistable cylindrical glass-coated microwire is placed in a system of four coaxial coils. One pair of coils in Helmholtz geometry (HC) in parallel combination allows the whole wire to be axially magnetized. This pair of coils in antiparallel combination...
The shear force sensor developed in this study has pressure insensitivity, high sensitivity, and bi-directional measurements, and it was fabricated on a flexible substrate. This sensor was fabricated by applying a polymer based pillar structure to the Planar Hall Magnetoresistance (PHMR) sensing element. The column structure was placed on the PHMR sensing element to minimize the effect of...
With the rapid development of automated driving, real-time vehicle speed estimation can assist in monitoring road traffic condition and predicting change in traffic volume. Direct transmission of detected traffic information to vehicles in real-time is referred to as Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication, which is essential in automated driving. Magnetic sensor technology, due to its...
Our group has experimented in the past with development of contactless position sensors suitable for retrofitting to pneumatic actuators - i.e. piston position sensing [1,2]. The proposed advantage was AC-operation enabling use of synchronous detection and suppression of noise (including DC). Excitation at low frequency (<100 Hz) made possible measurement through aluminum sheath (piston...
This study explores developing and applying a linear position sensor leveraging bistable microwire technology. Bistable microwires offer a unique advantage in sensor design because they can detect multiple physical quantities with high sensitivity through simple electronic configurations. It is even possible to separate the external magnetic field’s contribution, which opens up the opportunity...
The position sensors are widely used in various industrial applications. The sensors with linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) configuration are the most common position transducers because of their cost-effective and simple structure and straightforward operation. LVDT position sensors are used in robotics, automation, manufacturing and machining processes, automatic valves, and...
With the increasing communication needs in harsh environment such as underground, submarine or biological tissues where communications methods with radiofrequency (RF) waves are very difficult, the magnetic communication methods, in which the message is transmitted via the magnetic field, are drawing more and more attention. The advantage is the ability of magnetic field to penetrate all...
The development of steel stress coupons, including an amount of residual stresses up to the yield point has been proven useful for the development of the Magnetic Stress Calibration (MASC) Curves [1]. These coupons were developed by autogenous welding in different types of steels in order to compare surface and bulk residual stresses determined by X-ray diffraction in the Bragg – Brentano...
Fluxgate sensors exhibit the highest sensitivity among the magnetic sensors for detecting d.c. or low frequency a.c. magnetic fields in the $\mu$T range and below. Typically, in a basic fluxgate sensor, the information about the magnetic field is extracted from either the amplitude of the induced signal or the higher-order harmonics of the excitation signal. Another alternative is to extract...
AMR magnetometers are used in many applications where low power consumption is desired, particularly in space applications [1] where it is one of crucial parameters. Although fluxgate/optically pumped magnetometers dominate space industry due to their ultralow-noise, AMRs are increasingly used if the roughly 100-fold increase of noise is not an issue, as they are miniature, lightweight, solid...
Today adhesive technology is of particular importance in different industrial sectors, for example in automotive industry or in aerospace technology [1]. In building industry adhesive technology is often used to avoid punctual transmissions of power. Glued glass elements in constructional engineering are only one example of application. However, the adhesive joint is subject of an ageing...
In this contribution we present development of a device and means of establishing low magnetic fields (<1nT), such as a remanence in a magnetic shield. In a previous development [1], we used a rotating AMR magnetometer for establishing and maintaining near-zero field in a coil system, where rotation enables suppression of the inherent sensor offset and its drift without frequent...
Construction of a digital lock-in amplifier [1] specifically designed for fluxgate sensor testing is presented together with first results. The instrument is based on a low-noise, multi-stage, fully-differential, analog front-end (G = 0.1 - 100$\times$), followed by 1 MSa/s, 20-bit, SAR-ADC (LTC2378) for high dynamic range. All necessary digital signal processing is done within a Cyclone V...
Co-rich amorphous ribbons with nearly zero magnetostriction are well known for their outstanding giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) sensor characteristics [1,2]. However, their relatively low Currie temperature can be a disadvantage for their application at elevated temperatures. In this work, the effects of temperature on magnetoimpedance response were investigated in stress annealed commercial...
One of the practical applications of pulsed magnetic fields (PMF) is in magnetotherapy systems. These systems often generate low-frequency PMF for non-invasive therapy of muscles or bones. Some PMF system manufacturers use commercial teslameters with a Hall probe to measure the generated amplitude of the magnetic flux density $B_m$. However, the traceability and accuracy measurements of $B_m$...
Measuring changes in physical quantities without direct contact is still challenging in sensor applications. Especially in the case of structural member monitoring, it is quite difficult to substitute conventional electrical strain gauges with contactless technology.
A promising solution can be found in magnetically bistable glass-coated microwires. The small dimensions of microwires make...
This study focuses on the validation of the probe used in the Near Field Scan (NFS) assessment of electric vehicles (EVs). The validation includes the evaluation of the antenna factor (AF) of the probe: the ratio of the induced voltage to the product of the magnetic field strength and the number of turns as well as the effective area in the loop, the selectivity, the sensitivity and the...
