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Description
Magnetic bistable microwires represent a highly promising technology in the field of sensor and actuator electronic systems. Their unique properties are well known within the scientific community as well as in practical applications and have been widely discussed. Microwires with an amorphous structure exhibit not only a high magnetoimpedance response but also the ability to detect extremely weak magnetic fields, making them suitable for use in biometric and medical sensors, industrial measurement systems, and intelligent IoT devices. Additionally, these microwires can be used to directly sense another physical quantities, such as temperature and mechanical stress. Thanks to these sensing properties, bistable microwires are applicable in a wide range of applications while providing highly accurate results.
Depending on the application and the magnitude of the excitation field required for microwires, the simplest system configuration can utilize a miniature coil assembly consisting of one excitation coil and one sensing coil, along with electronics that can be largely integrated into commonly available microcontrollers designed for digital signal processing (DSP processors).
Research in the field of magnetic bistable microwires and electronics focuses on optimizing microwire placement and system design to achieve maximum sensitivity and stability using only a DSP processor and a few essential electronic components. Magnetic bistable microwires used in single-chip applications require optimized integration with microelectronics and advanced signal processing technologies.
This work presents the application of bistable microwires in a new compact configuration of electronic components and the STM$32$G$474$RE microcontroller, which includes a full set of instructions for digital signal processing. These hardware components, together with the coil system and the microwire, form a miniature embedded sensor for measuring temperature, mechanical stress, and magnetic fields. Thanks to the excellent properties of magnetic bistable microwires, all these parameters can be measured in real time with high sensitivity. The microwire response is represented as a voltage peak, which can be measured and processed using integrated ADCs or analog comparators. The key innovation compared to previous configurations presented in [1,2] is absolute miniaturization and the full utilization of the microcontroller's capabilities for managing and processing the signal from the bistable microwire.
References
[1] P. Jacko et al., “Linear position sensor using magnetically bistable microwire,” Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 349. Elsevier BV, p. 114017, Jan. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2022.114017
[2] P. Jacko et al. “Advantages of Bistable Microwires in Digital Signal Processing,” Sensors, vol. 24, no. 8. MDPI AG, p. 2423, Apr. 10, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24082423
